本文实例讲述了memcache一致性hash的php实现方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:

最近在看一些分布式方面的文章,所以就用php实现一致性hash来练练手,以前一般用的是最原始的hash取模做 分布式,当生产过程中添加或删除一台memcache都会造成数据的全部失效,一致性hash就是为了解决这个问题,把失效数据降到最低,相关资料可以 google一下!

php实现效率有一定的缺失,如果要高效率,还是写扩展比较好

经测试,5个memcache,每个memcache生成100个虚拟节点,set加get1000次,与单个memcache直接set加get慢5倍,所以效率一般,有待优化!

在阅读本文之前,最好知道二分查找法。

实现过程:

memcache的配置 ip+端口+虚拟节点序列号 做hash,使用的是crc32,形成一个闭环。对要操作的key进行crc32二分法在虚拟节点环中查找最近的一个虚拟节点从虚拟节点中提取真实的memcache ip和端口,做单例连接复制代码 代码如下:<?phpclass memcacheHashMap {        private $_node = array();        private $_nodeData = array();        private $_keyNode = 0;        private $_memcache = null;        //每个物理服务器生成虚拟节点个数 [注:节点数越多,cache分布的均匀性越好,同时set get操作时,也更耗资源,10台物理服务器,采用200较为合理]        private $_virtualNodeNum = 200;        private function __construct() {                $config = array(//五个memcache服务器                                                "127.0.0.1:11211",                                                "127.0.0.1:11212",                                                "127.0.0.1:11213",                                                "127.0.0.1:11214",                                                "127.0.0.1:11215"                                        );                if (!$config) throw new Exception("Cache config NULL");                foreach ($config as $key => $value) {                        for ($i = 0; $i < $this->_virtualNodeNum; $i++) {                                $this->_node[sprintf("%u", crc32($value . "_" . $i))] = $value . "_" . $i;//循环为每个memcache服务器创建200个虚拟节点                        }                }                ksort($this->_node);//创建出来的1000个虚拟节点按照键名从小到大排序        }        //实例化该类        static public function getInstance() {                static $memcacheObj = null;                if (!is_object($memcacheObj)) {                        $memcacheObj = new self();                }                return $memcacheObj;        }        //根据传来的键查找到对应虚拟节点的位置        private function _connectMemcache($key) {                $this->_nodeData = array_keys($this->_node);//所有的虚拟节点的键的数组                $this->_keyNode = sprintf("%u", crc32($key));//算出键的hash值                $nodeKey = $this->_findServerNode();//找出对应的虚拟节点                //如果超出环,从头再用二分法查找一个最近的,然后环的头尾做判断,取最接近的节点                if ($this->_keyNode > end($this->_nodeData)) {                        $this->_keyNode -= end($this->_nodeData);                        $nodeKey2 = $this->_findServerNode();                        if (abs($nodeKey2 - $this->_keyNode) < abs($nodeKey - $this->_keyNode))  $nodeKey = $nodeKey2;                }                var_dump($this->_node[$nodeKey]);                list($config, $num) = explode("_", $this->_node[$nodeKey]);                if (!$config) throw new Exception("Cache config Error");                if (!isset($this->_memcache[$config])) {                        $this->_memcache[$config] = new Memcache;                        list($host, $port) = explode(":", $config);                        $this->_memcache[$config]->connect($host, $port);                }                return $this->_memcache[$config];        }        //二分法根据给出的值找出最近的虚拟节点位置        private function _findServerNode($m = 0, $b = 0) {            $total = count($this->_nodeData);            if ($total != 0 && $b == 0) $b = $total - 1;            if ($m < $b){                $avg = intval(($m+$b) / 2);                if ($this->_nodeData[$avg] == $this->_keyNode) return $this->_nodeData[$avg];                elseif ($this->_keyNode < $this->_nodeData[$avg] && ($avg-1 >= 0)) return $this->_findServerNode($m, $avg-1);                else return $this->_findServerNode($avg+1, $b);            }                if (abs($this->_nodeData[$b] - $this->_keyNode) < abs($this->_nodeData[$m] - $this->_keyNode))  return $this->_nodeData[$b];                else return $this->_nodeData[$m];        }        public function set($key, $value, $expire = 0) {                return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->set($key, json_encode($value), 0, $expire);        }        public function add($key, $value, $expire = 0) {                return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->add($key, json_encode($value), 0, $expire);        }        public function get($key) {                return json_decode($this->_connectMemcache($key)->get($key), true);        }        public function delete($key) {                return $this->_connectMemcache($key)->delete($key);        }}$runData["BEGIN_TIME"] = microtime(true);//测试一万次set加getfor($i=0;$i<10000;$i++) {        $key = md5(mt_rand());        $b = memcacheHashMap::getInstance()->set($key, time(), 10);}var_dump(number_format(microtime(true) - $runData["BEGIN_TIME"],6));$runData["BEGIN_TIME"] = microtime(true); $m= new Memcache;$m->connect("127.0.0.1", 11211);for($i=0;$i<10000;$i++) {        $key = md5(mt_rand());        $b = $m->set($key, time(), 0, 10);}var_dump(number_format(microtime(true) - $runData["BEGIN_TIME"],6));?>

希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。